By William Davison
(Bloomberg) — Development of the Ethiopian sugar industry
in South Omo that will bring in migrant laborers may exacerbate
conflict in the ethnically diverse region, according to the U.S.
aid agency and other donors.
The state-owned Ethiopian Sugar Corp. is tapping loans from
the Development Bank of China to build six sugar-processing
factories and plant 150,000 hectares (370,700 acres) of sugar
cane in the region bordering Kenya. It’s part of a plan for
Ethiopia, Africa’s most-populated nation after Nigeria, to turn
from net importer to exporter of the sweetener, and eventually
become one of the top 10 sellers globally.
Farming of the crop may disrupt the traditional lifestyle
of pastoralists native to the area, while the arrival of
“hundreds of thousands of migrant workers” may fan ethnic
tensions, the 27-member Development Assistance Group said in a
statement on Wednesday. The area is populated by at least eight
ethnic communities, including the livestock-rearing Bodi and
Mursi groups.
“This, as well as the rapid pace for planned development,
may significantly increase the chances of the risk of conflict,
as the Bodi and Mursi are increasingly exposed to external
influences, and could lead — if not handled properly — to
destabilization,” according to the donors.
Officials with the Development Assistance Group visited
South Omo in August, the most recent of several trips over the
past three years to assess a government resettlement program
that is being implemented alongside the sugar schemes.

Forced Resettlement

Advocacy groups such as New York-based Human Rights Watch
say the initiatives in South Omo involve systemic abuses,
including the forced relocation of people from their ancestral
property. The donor group said it found no evidence of people
being compelled to move in the areas they visited.
Development in South Omo is aimed at preventing conflict
and the community has been widely consulted about the plans,
Federal Affairs Minister Shiferaw Teklemariam said in a phone
interview from the capital, Addis Ababa, on Wednesday.
South Omo is a remote, mostly low-lying area populated by
about 200,000 people who have experienced bouts of conflict
caused by resource competition and cattle raiding.
Changes in the environment caused by sugar development may
affect beekeeping, cattle herding and crop growing, activities
which local residents depend on for their livelihoods, the
donors said.
One of the biggest concerns for the Mursi and Bodi
communities is accessing grazing land, said the group of donors,
which also includes European nations, India, the United Nations,
African Development Bank and Turkish aid agency.
Residents say they are concerned they will lose pasture and
fertile land once the flow of the Omo river is regulated by the
Gibe III hydroelectric dam.
The government should increase transparency about the sugar
projects, listen better to the communities and consider slowing
the pace of change to “allow a softer transition, avoiding
conflict,” the donors said.